Enfermedad de Chagas: enfoque patológico de las alteraciones gastrointestinales
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55873/mfm02q88Palabras clave:
dismotilidad, megacolon chagásico, plexos entéricos, sistema nervioso entérico, Trypanosoma cruziResumen
La enfermedad de Chagas, causada por Trypanosoma cruzi, puede comprometer de forma crónica el tracto gastrointestinal mediante alteraciones neuronales, inflamatorias y neuromusculares que favorecen dismotilidad, megaesófago y megacolon. El objetivo fue analizar la evidencia científica publicada entre 2018 y 2023 sobre los mecanismos patológicos asociados con estas alteraciones en mamíferos. Se realizó una revisión integrativa con búsqueda bibliográfica sistematizada en PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus y Web of Science, incluyéndose 20 artículos originales. La evidencia se organizó en cuatro ejes: persistencia parasitaria y compromiso tisular, lesión neuronal y respuesta neuroinmunológica, alteraciones neuromusculares y de la motilidad, y remodelación tisular. Los estudios evidenciaron persistencia de T. cruzi en tejidos gastrointestinales, pérdida de neuronas mientéricas, inflamación, disfunción colinérgica, alteraciones del tránsito y cambios estructurales, principalmente en el colon. Se concluye que el compromiso gastrointestinal es multifactorial y progresivo, y que se requiere ampliar la investigación en hospedadores mamíferos no murinos desde la medicina veterinaria y el enfoque Una Salud.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Yahayda Ines Quispe-Navarro
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
