Direct sowing of seeds of Ochroma pyramidale (Cav. ex Lam.) applying two densities for the recovery of soils degraded by mining activity in the Peruvian amazon
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55873/racba.v1i1.152Keywords:
increase, germination, mortality, sownAbstract
The objective of the study was to evaluate the development by direct sowing of Ochroma pyramidale (Cav. ex Lam.) seeds for the remediation of areas degraded by mining activity in the Virgen de la Candelaria sector, Inambari district of the department of Madre de Dios. The applied method was an experimental design, of the quantitative and explanatory applied type. The planting process consisted of four phases: installation of plots, marking, sowing of seeds and fertilization. The installed experimental design was 3 × 2. An Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was performed, with a Fisher's test at a level of significance α 0.05. Average height growth was 18.98 mm and germination 43.98%, which when compared to the two planting densities of 1 m × 2 m and 2 m × 4 m turned out to be statistically different (α = 0.05). Likewise, the average mortality found was 52.05%, that is, slightly high, with no statistical difference between planting densities.
References
Caballero, J., Messinger, M., Román-Dañobeytia, F., Ascorra, C., Fernandez, L., & Silman, M. (2018). Deforestation and Forest Degradation Due to Gold Mining in the Peruvian Amazon: A 34-Year Perspective. Remote Sensing, 10(12), 1903. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10121903
Cortés-McPherson, D. (2019). Expansion of small-scale gold mining in Madre de Dios: capital interests and the emergence of a new elite of entrepreneurs in the Peruvian Amazon. Extractive Industries and Society, 6(2), 382-389. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exis.2019.01.002
Ferreira, H., Neto, D., Valter, W., Nunes, Y., Santos, E., Souza, D., Alves, R., Willians, M., Lima, D., Junio, S., Bastos, C., & Rodrigues, A. (2020). Environmental and human health risks of arsenic in gold mining areas in the eastern Amazon. Environmental Pollution, 265, 114969. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114969
Fiedler, P., White, P., & Leidy, R. (1997). The Paradigm Shift in Ecology and Its Implications for Conservation. En The Ecological Basis of Conservation (pp. 83-92). Springer US. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6003-6_9
Gerson, J., Szponar, N., Zambrano, A., Bergquist, B., Broadbent, E., Driscoll, C., Erkenswick, G., Evers, D., Fernandez, L., Hsu-kim, H., Inga, G., Lansdale, K., Marchese, M., Martinez, A., Moore, C., Pan, W., Purizaca, R., Sánchez, V., & Silman, M. (2022). Amazon forests capture high levels of atmospheric mercury pollution from artisanal gold mining. Nature Communications, 13, 559. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-27997-3
Guariguata, M. (1999). Bases ecológicas generales para el seguimiento de proyectos de restauración de bosques. Memorias del Seminario de Restauración Ecológica y Reforestación. Bogotá (Colombia): Prisma Editores.
Hernández, W., & Salas, E. (2009). La inoculación con Glomus fasciculatum en el crecimiento de cuatro especies forestales en vivero y campo. Agronomía Costarricense, 33(1), 93-110. https://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/agrocost/article/view/6732
Hurtado, L. (2002). Manejo y conservación del suelo. Fundamentos y prácticas. PRONAMACHS, Lima Perú.
Ibarra, E. (1999). Guía para la aplicación de evaluaciones de impacto ambiental en la industria minera. I Jornadas de Impacto Ambiental.
Instituto de la Amazonía Peruana [IIAP], & Ministerio del Ambiente. (2011). Minería aurífera en Madre de Dios y contaminación con mercurio. Súper Gráfica E.I.R.L.
Martínez, R., & Dibut, B. (1986). La experiencia cubana en el uso de los biofertilizantes. Seminario Taller Regional “La Agricultura Urbana y el desarrollo rural sostenible". FIDA- MINAG Fundación CIARA. La Habana, Cuba, p. 106-120.
Montiel, K., & Villarreal, L. (2004). Análisis multitemporal del impacto generado por la explotación minera en el medio geomorfológico de la Isla de Toas, Estado Zulia. Terra. Nueva Etapa, XX(29), 55-71. https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=72102904
Pickett, S. T. A., & Cadenasso, M. L. (2006). Vegetation dynamics. Ecological understanding. The nature of theory and the theory of nature.
Pickett, S. T. A., & Ostfeld, R. S. (1995). The shifting paradigm in Ecology. A new century for natural resources management.
Román-Dañobeytia, F., Cabanillas, F., Lefebvre, D., Farfan, J., Alferez, J., Polo-Villanueva, F., Llacsahuanga, J., Vega, C. M., Velasquez, M., Corvera, R., Condori, E., Ascorra, C., Fernandez, L. E., & Silman, M. R. (2020). Survival and early growth of 51 tropical tree species in areas degraded by artisanal gold mining in the Peruvian Amazon. Ecological Engineering, 159, 106097. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2020.106097
Román-Dañobeytia, F., Huayllani, M., Michi, A., Ibarra, F., Loayza-Muro, R., Vázquez, T., Rodríguez, L., & García, M. (2015). Reforestation with four native tree species after abandoned gold mining in the Peruvian Amazon. Ecological Engineering, 85, 39-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2015.09.075
Sanchez, J., Carnero, A., Rivera, E., Rosales, L., Baldeviano, G., Asencios, J., Edgel, K., Vinetz, J., & Lescano, A. (2017). Unstable Malaria Transmission in the Southern Peruvian Amazon and Its Association with Gold Mining , Madre de Dios , 2001 – 2012. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 96(2), 304-311. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.16-0030
Simpson, T. B. (2002). An Open Approach to Ecosystem Change: Adopting a New Paradigm for Ecological Restoration and Land Management. Ecological Restoration, 20(3), 190-194. https://doi.org/https://www.jstor.org/stable/43442575
Vergara-Buitrago, P. A., & Rodríguez-Aparicio, J. A. (2021). Análisis ambiental de la minería de carbón en el ecosistema estratégico de páramo (Boyacá, Colombia). Scientia et Technica, 26(3), 398-405. https://201.131.90.33/index.php/revistaciencia/article/view/24519
Wu, J., & Loucks, O. L. (1995). From Balance of Nature to Hierarchical Patch Dynamics: A Paradigm Shift in Ecology. The Quarterly Review of Biology, 70(4), 439-466. https://doi.org/10.1086/419172
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Emer Rosales-Solórzano, Pablo Huayllani-Huamani, Raul Huanaco-Huanca
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
