COVID-19 y Biodiversidad en la Amazonía: Efectos de la Pandemia sobre los Ecosistemas de la Cuenca y el Riesgo de Zoonosis Emergentes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55873/bf1wex92Palabras clave:
COVID-19, biodiversidad, zoonosis, Amazonía, AntropausaResumen
La pandemia de COVID-19 afectó desproporcionadamente a la cuenca amazónica, donde ciudades como Iquitos, Manaus y Leticia registraron tasas de mortalidad superiores a la media nacional, mientras la deforestación se intensificaba en territorios con débil vigilancia ambiental. Esta revisión examina la relación bidireccional entre la pandemia y la biodiversidad amazónica: por un lado, los efectos de las medidas de confinamiento y la crisis socioeconómica sobre los ecosistemas; por otro, los mecanismos ecológicos que vinculan la pérdida de biodiversidad con el riesgo de zoonosis emergentes. Se analiza la “antropausa” como experimento natural, el debilitamiento de la gobernanza ambiental y las oportunidades de recuperación post-pandémica que integren conservación y salud pública. Finalmente, se proponen prioridades para la Amazonía, incluyendo el fortalecimiento de la vigilancia sanitaria ambiental, la diversificación del financiamiento de áreas protegidas, el monitoreo ecológico continuo y estrategias sostenibles de sustitución de proteína animal.
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