Diversidade de palmeiras no baixo Amazonas das regiões Loreto, Madre de Dios e Ucayali, Peru
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55873/gentryana.v1i2.224Palavras-chave:
Amazônia peruana, identificação de espécies, inventário, transectaResumo
O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a diversidade de palmeiras em três regiões do baixo Amazonas (Loreto, Ucayali e Madre de Dios). O estudo foi realizado durante o Projeto desenvolvido nos anos 2004-2013, no âmbito do projeto Palms. Foram inventariados 354 transectos de 5 × 100 m, totalizando 88,50 hectares de área avaliada nas três regiões. Na região de Loreto foram realizados 239 transectos, em Ucayali 38 transectos e Madre de Dios 77 transectos. Um total de 97 espécies e 6 morfotipos foram registrados. Em Loreto, Oenocarpus bataua “hungurahui” foi o mais abundante com 28.898 ind. (10 % total do ind.), em Ucayali Lepidocaryum tenue “irapay” com 14.379 ind. (20% do ind. total) e em Madre de Dios Geonoma deversa “palmiche” com 5.743 indivíduos com (20% do total de indivíduos). Loreto foi a região com maior diversidade de espécies com 3.601, Ucayali com 3.061 e Madre de Dios com 2.839. Entre Loreto e Ucayali houve uma similaridade de 73% e entre Ucayali e Madre de Dios 47% e entre Loreto e Madre de Dios 35%. Nossos resultados mostram que a maior abundância e diversidade de espécies de palmeiras na parte inferior da Amazônia peruana é encontrada na região de Loreto, seguida por Madre de Dios e Ucayali.
Referências
Baker, W. J., Dransfield, J., & Hedderson, T. A. (2000). Phylogeny, Character Evolution, and a New Classification of the Calamoid Palms. Systematic Botany, 25(2), 297. https://doi.org/10.2307/2666644
Baker, W. J., Hedderson, T. A., & Dransfield, J. (2000). Molecular Phylogenetics of Subfamily Calamoideae (Palmae) Based on nrDNA ITS and cpDNA rps16 Intron Sequence Data. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 14(2), 195–217. https://doi.org/10.1006/mpev.1999.0696
Balslev, H. (2010). Palms and Palm Communities in the Upper Ucayali River Valley—A Little-Known Region in the Amazon Basin. Palms, 54(2), 57–72.
Balslev, H., Copete, J.-C., Pedersen, D., Bernal, R., Galeano, G., Duque, Á., Berrio, J. C., & Sanchéz, M. (2016). Palm Diversity and Abundance in the Colombian Amazon. In Forest structure, function and dynamics in Western Amazonia (pp. 101–123). John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119090670.ch5
Balslev, H., Laumark, P., Pedersen, D., & Grández, C. (2016). Tropical rainforest palm communities in Madre de Dios in Amazonian Peru. Revista Peruana de Biología, 23(1), 3–12. https://doi.org/10.15381/rpb.v23i1.11828
Bremer, K. (2000). Early Cretaceous lineages of monocot flowering plants. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 97(9), 4707–4711. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.080421597
Cámara-Leret, R., Tuomisto, H., Ruokolainen, K., Balslev, H., & Munch Kristiansen, S. (2017). Modelling responses of western Amazonian palms to soil nutrients. Journal of Ecology, 105(2), 367–381. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.12708
Copete Maturana, J. C., Cámara Leret, R., Sánchez, M., & Balslev, H. (2019). Relación entre la composición florística y los nutrientes del suelo en comunidades de palmas del Chocó biogeográfico en Colombia y Ecuador. Revista de Biología Tropical, 67(4). https://doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v67i4.34044
Dransfield, J. (1986). A Guide to Collecting Palms. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 73(1), 166. https://doi.org/10.2307/2399148
Dransfield, J. (2008). Genera Palmarum: The Evolution and Classification of Palms (2nd ed.). Kew Pub.
Dransfield, J., Uhl, N. W., Asmussen, C. B., Baker, W. J., Harley, M. M., & Lewis, C. E. (2005). A New Phylogenetic Classification of the Palm Family, Arecaceae. Kew Bulletin, 60(4), 559–569.
Henderson, A., Borchsenius, F., & Balslev, H. (2008). New species of Geonoma (Palmae) from Ecuador. Brittonia, 60(2), 190–201. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12228-008-9032-1
Kristiansen, T., Svenning, J.-C., Eiserhardt, W. L., Pedersen, D., Brix, H., Munch Kristiansen, S., Knadel, M., Grández, C., & Balslev, H. (2012). Environment versus dispersal in the assembly of western Amazonian palm communities. Journal of Biogeography, 39(7), 1318–1332. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2012.02689.x
Kristiansen, T., Svenning, J.-C., Pedersen, D., Eiserhardt, W. L., Grández, C., & Balslev, H. (2011). Local and regional palm (Arecaceae) species richness patterns and their cross-scale determinants in the western Amazon. Journal of Ecology, 99(4), 1001–1015. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2011.01834.x
Moore, H. (1973). Palms in the tropical forest ecosystems of Africa and South America. In Tropical Forest Ecosystems in Africa and South America: A comparative Review (pp. 63–68). Smithsonian Institution Press.
Pennington, R. T., & Dick, C. W. (2004). The role of immigrants in the assembly of the South American rainforest tree flora. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, 359(1450), 1611–1622. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2004.1532
Pintaud, J.-C., Galeano, G., Balslev, H., Bernal, R., Borchsenius, F., Ferreira, E., De Granville, J.-J., Mejía, K., Millán, B., Moraes, M., Noblick, L., Stauffer, F. W., & Kahn, F. (2008). Las palmeras de América del Sur: diversidad, distribución e historia evolutiva. Revista Peruana de Biología, 15(3), 007–029. https://doi.org/10.15381/rpb.v15i3.2662
Pintaud, J., Rodriguez del Castillo, A., Ferreira, E., Moraes, M., & Mejía, K. (2016). Towards a Revision of Attalea in Western Amazonia. Palms, 60(2), 57–77.
Porro, R., Lopez-Feldman, A., & Vela-Alvarado, J. W. (2015). Forest use and agriculture in Ucayali, Peru: Livelihood strategies, poverty and wealth in an Amazon frontier. Forest Policy and Economics, 51, 47–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2014.12.001
R Core Team. (2021). R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. https://www.r-project.org/
Raven, P., & Axelrod, D. (1972). Plate Tectonics and Australasian Paleobiogeography: The complex biogeographic relations of the region reflect its geologic history. SCIENCE, 176(4042), 1379–1386. https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.176.4042.1379
Rodríguez Achung, F., Limachi Huallpa, L., Maco García, J., Escobedo Torres, R., Reátegui Reátegui, F., Ramírez Barco, J., García Altamirano, A., Castro Medina, W., Fachín Malaverri, L., Cadenillas Ordinola, R., Pereyra Panduro, G., Encarnación Cajañaupa, F., Zárate Gómez, R., & Ahuite Reátegui, M. (2008). Madre de Dios, camino al desarrollo sostenible: Propuesta de zonificación ecológica económica del Departamento de Madre de Dios. Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12921/528
Rojas Gonzáles, R., & van der Werff, H. (2010). Flora del Río Cenepa, Amazonas, Perú (1st ed.). Missouri Botanical Garden Press.
Rondoni, C. (2022). Extractivism and Unjust Food Insecurity for Peru’s Loreto Indigenous Communities. Sustainability, 14(12), 6954. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14126954
Torres-Slimming, P. A., Wright, C. J., Lancha, G., Carcamo, C. P., Garcia, P. J., Ford, J. D., & Harper, S. L. (2020). Climatic Changes, Water Systems, and Adaptation Challenges in Shawi Communities in the Peruvian Amazon. Sustainability, 12(8), 3422. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12083422
Trénel, P., Gustafsson, M. H. G., Baker, W. J., Asmussen-Lange, C. B., Dransfield, J., & Borchsenius, F. (2007). Mid-Tertiary dispersal, not Gondwanan vicariance explains distribution patterns in the wax palm subfamily (Ceroxyloideae: Arecaceae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 45(1), 272–288. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2007.03.018
Vásquez Martinez, R. (1997). Flórula de las Reservas Biológicas de Iquitos, Perú. Allpahuayo-Mishana, Explornapo Camp, Explorama Lodge (Missouri Botanical Garden (ed.)). Intituto de Investigación de la Amazonía Peruana. http://biblioteca.iiap.gob.pe/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=751
Vormisto, J., Tuomisto, H., & Oksanen, J. (2004). Palm distribution patterns in Amazonian rainforests: What is the role of topographic variation? Journal of Vegetation Science, 15(4), 485–494. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1654-1103.2004.tb02287.x
Vuohelainen, A. J., Coad, L., Marthews, T. R., Malhi, Y., & Killeen, T. J. (2012). The Effectiveness of Contrasting Protected Areas in Preventing Deforestation in Madre de Dios, Peru. Environmental Management, 50(4), 645–663. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-012-9901-y
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Seção
Licença
Copyright (c) 2023 César Augusto Grández-Rios, Henrik Balslev , Carlos Darwin Angulo-Villacorta, Roberto Pezo-Diaz
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Los autores, en conocimiento que la revista GENTRYANA tiene una política de Acceso Abierto (Open Access) aceptan las condiciones de la LICENCIA Creative Commons Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0).
