Status of the populations of carob trees (Neltuma-Fabaceae) in the Historical Sanctuary of the Pomac Forest

Abstract

In the Peruvian coast, algarrobo and zapote trees were once vital to the ecosystem and the development of ancient Peruvian cultures. Today, they are severely impacted. This study evaluated the populations of algarrobo and associated species in the Pomac Forest Historic Sanctuary (SHBP) to assess the current status of the algarrobo forests. A total of 21 plots were analyzed: 18 temporary plots and 3 permanent plots (1 algarrobo, 2 mixed zapote) of 1 hectare each. Population structure and composition, phenology, and health conditions were assessed. The results indicate that the structure of algarrobo and mixed zapote forests is similar, with a predominance of young and adult individuals with diameters at breast height (DBH) of 15-25 cm and average heights of 15 m. Neltuma pallida is the most abundant species, making up over 80% of the total population. The entire algarrobo tree population shows mild to moderate impacts, with 50-75% of individuals exhibiting moderate impact (e.g., trunks with pathogen attack signs), and over 90% of individuals having dead or dry branches. Furthermore, 40% of the population shows moderate to severe damage. Regarding natural regeneration, seedlings and saplings in the 21 plots represent less than 5% of the adult population. We conclude that the algarrobo populations and associated species in the SHBP are experiencing severe impacts, particularly due to low levels of natural regeneration, indicating that the degradation of these populations is worsening over time.