Computer vision for detecting fungal diseases in cocoa: a systematic review of deep learning architectures
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55873/kt5n2q37Keywords:
cocoa disease detection, deep learning, yolo, vision transformer, computer visionAbstract
This systematic literature review analyzes 43 scientific studies on the application of deep learning (DL) techniques for the early detection of diseases in cocoa (Theobroma cacao). Using the PRISMA methodology and the PICOC framework, models and architectures applied to classification, detection, and segmentation tasks were examined. The results show that lightweight models from the YOLO family achieve accuracy rates of up to 96% in cocoa disease identification, with the capability to perform real-time inference. Likewise, Vision Transformer (ViT) and U-Net architectures achieve accuracy rates ranging from 97% to 99% in controlled environments and related agricultural datasets, demonstrating their potential for transfer learning applications. However, limitations remain regarding cross-domain generalization, model explainability, and the availability of data collected under real-world field conditions. It is concluded that future research should expand public datasets, incorporate explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) and self-supervised learning (SSL), and optimize models for resource-constrained devices, thereby promoting sustainable and scalable solutions for smart cocoa cultivation.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Yomer Ysidro-Santos, Andy Roel Vasquez-Bueno, Isait Camizán-Ojeda
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